Orion Nebula Discovered by Christiaan Huygens

The Orion Nebula is a diffuse nebula situated south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion. It is seen as the middle "star" in the sword of Orion, which are the three stars located south of Orion's Belt. It is one of the brightest nebulae, and is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. There are supersonic "bullets" of gas piercing the hydrogen clouds of the Orion Nebula. Each bullet is ten times the diameter of Pluto's orbit and tipped with iron atoms glowing bright blue. They were probably formed one thousand years ago from an unknown violent event.

The Orion Nebula is an example of a stellar nursery (A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains stars, stellar remnants , and a diffuse interstellar medium of gas and dust.) where new stars are being born. Observations of the nebula have revealed approximately 700 stars in various stages of formation within the nebula.

• Distance to Earth: 1,344 light years
• Age: 3 million years 

 

 
The red hue is well-understood to be caused by Hα (H-alpha (Hα) is a specific red visible spectral line in the Balmer series created by hydrogen with a wavelength of 656.28 nm, which occurs when a hydrogen electron falls from its third to second lowest energy level) recombination line radiation at a wavelength of 656.3 nm. The blue-violet coloration is the reflected radiation from the massive O-class(Most stars are currently classified using the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, where O stars are the hottest and the letter sequence indicates successively cooler stars up to the coolest M class) stars at the core of the nebula.

Interstellar clouds like the Orion Nebula are found throughout galaxies such as the Milky Way. They begin as gravitationally bound blobs of cold, neutral hydrogen, intermixed with traces of other elements. The cloud can contain hundreds of thousands of solar masses and extend for hundreds of light years. The tiny force of gravity that could compel the cloud to collapse is counterbalanced by the very faint pressure of the gas in the cloud.

Whether due to collisions with a spiral arm, or through the shock wave emitted from supernovae, the atoms are precipitated into heavier molecules and the result is a molecular cloud. This presages the formation of stars within the cloud, usually thought to be within a period of 10-30 million years, as regions pass the Jeans mass and the destabilized volumes collapse into disks. The disk concentrates at the core to form a star, which may be surrounded by a protoplanetary disk. This is the current stage of evolution of the nebula, with additional stars still forming from the collapsing molecular cloud. The youngest and brightest stars we now see in the Orion Nebula are thought to be less than 300,000 years old, and the brightest may be only 10,000 years in age.